"The Europeanization of Islam: The Role of the Multi-Level Structure of the EU"

The emergence of a transnational European-Islamic identity, 'Euro-Islam,' within the member states of the European Union (EU) has recently been explored and asserted by scholars such as Stefano Allievi and Jørgen Nielsen, among others. Various theories have emerged to explain this phenomenon, yet none have considered the EU as a causal factor. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse the role of the EU in the emergence of 'Euro-Islam.' I assert that the multi-level structure of the EU is a main explanatory factor in the emergence and transnational nature of 'Euro-Islam.' More specifically, domestic Islamic groups that fail to achieve their objectives at the national level, take their complaints to EU institutions. In the process of doing so, they form transnational alliances, which they use to put additional pressure on the EU, and consequently, on member state governments. The creation of the supranational arena, and of transnational Islamic groups, become catalysts for the advancement of Islamic interests and the creation of a common Islamic identity that transcends borders. In particular, I examine the effect of 'Euro-Islam' on the formation of a common "European identity," Turkish membership and the democratic legitimacy of the Union